Smart Gas Leak Detection System Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Embedded Technology

Abstract

Gas leakage poses significant safety risks in residential, industrial, and laboratory environments, often leading to fire hazards, explosions, and serious health issues. Early detection and continuous monitoring of hazardous gases are therefore essential to ensure safety and prevent accidents. This paper presents the design and implementation of a gas leak detection system based on a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that enables real-time monitoring and early warning alerts.The proposed system utilizes gas sensors such as MQ-2 or MQ-5 to detect combustible gases including Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), methane, and propane. These sensors are interfaced with a microcontroller platform such as Arduino or ESP32, which processes the sensor data and compares the detected gas concentration with predefined safety thresholds. When the gas level exceeds the safe limit, the system activates an alarm mechanism consisting of a buzzer and LED indicator to alert nearby individuals.To enhance monitoring capability, the system integrates wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi or Zigbee, enabling sensor nodes to transmit gas concentration data to a central monitoring unit or web-based dashboard. This wireless connectivity allows remote monitoring and rapid response to potential gas leakage incidents. The system can also be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms for real-time notifications and cloud-based data visualization.The proposed gas leak detection system is cost-effective, reliable, and easy to implement, making it suitable for deployment in residential buildings, industrial facilities, gas storage areas, and laboratories. By combining wireless sensor networks, embedded systems, and IoT technologies, the system provides an efficient solution for improving safety and reducing the risk of gas-related accident.